Tutorial 02 — Multiple Subplots
This notebook shows all the ways to build multi-panel figures with maxplotlib:
Canvas.subplots(ncols=...)/Canvas.subplots(nrows=..., ncols=...)squeeze=Falsefor a consistent 2-D axes listManual layout with
canvas.add_subplot(row=..., col=...)Accessing subplots:
canvas.subplot(),canvas[row, col],canvas.iter_subplots()Figure-level title with
canvas.suptitle()Canvas-level plot routing to a specific subplot
[1]:
from maxplotlib import Canvas
from tikzfigure import TikzFigure
import numpy as np
%matplotlib inline
%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 200)
[2]:
fig = TikzFigure()
x = np.linspace(0, 360, 200)
y1 = np.sin(np.radians(x))
y2 = np.cos(np.radians(x))
# First subfigure: sine wave
ax1 = fig.subfigure_axis(
xlabel="x",
ylabel="y",
xlim=(0, 360),
ylim=(-1.5, 1.5),
grid=True,
caption="Sine Function",
width=0.45,
)
ax1.add_plot(x=x, y=y1, label="sin(x)", color="red", line_width="1.5pt")
ax1.set_legend(position="north east")
# Second subfigure: cosine wave
ax2 = fig.subfigure_axis(
xlabel="x",
ylabel="y",
xlim=(0, 360),
ylim=(-1.5, 1.5),
grid=True,
caption="Cosine Function",
width=0.45,
)
ax2.add_plot(x=x, y=y2, label="cos(x)", color="blue", line_width="1.5pt")
ax2.set_legend(position="north east")
fig.show()
1 1×2 layout — side-by-side subplots
[3]:
canvas, (ax1, ax2) = Canvas.subplots(ncols=2, width=1000, ratio=0.3)
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 200)
ax1.plot(x, np.sin(x), color="royalblue", linewidth=1.5)
ax1.set_title("sin(x)")
ax1.set_xlabel("x")
ax1.set_ylabel("amplitude")
ax2.plot(x, np.cos(x), color="tomato", linewidth=1.5)
ax2.set_title("cos(x)")
ax2.set_xlabel("x")
canvas.suptitle("1 × 2 Layout")
canvas.show(backend="tikzfigure")
[3]:
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{groupplot}[group style={group size=2 by 1, vertical sep=2cm}]
\nextgroupplot[xlabel=x, ylabel=amplitude, grid=false]
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\end{groupplot}
\node at (group c1r1.south) [below=0.3cm] {sin(x)};
\node at (group c1r2.south) [below=0.3cm] {cos(x)};
\end{tikzpicture}
2 2×2 layout — grid of subplots
Canvas.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2) returns a 2-D list of subplot axes indexed as axes[row][col].
[4]:
canvas, axes = Canvas.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
axes[0][0].plot(x, np.sin(x), color="royalblue")
axes[0][0].set_title("sin(x)")
axes[0][1].plot(x, np.cos(x), color="tomato")
axes[0][1].set_title("cos(x)")
axes[1][0].plot(x, np.sin(2 * x), color="seagreen")
axes[1][0].set_title("sin(2x)")
axes[1][1].plot(x, np.cos(2 * x), color="darkorange")
axes[1][1].set_title("cos(2x)")
canvas.suptitle("2 × 2 Layout")
canvas.show()
3 squeeze=False — always get a 2-D list
By default a 1×N or N×1 grid returns a flat list. Pass squeeze=False to always get a 2-D nested list — useful when your layout code must be generic.
[5]:
canvas, axes = Canvas.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=3, squeeze=False)
# axes is always [[ax0, ax1, ax2]] — index as axes[row][col]
data = [np.sin(x), np.cos(x), np.tan(np.clip(x, 0, np.pi - 0.1))]
titles = ["sin", "cos", "tan (clipped)"]
for col, (d, t) in enumerate(zip(data, titles)):
axes[0][col].plot(x, d, color="steelblue")
axes[0][col].set_title(t)
canvas.show()
4 Manual layout — canvas.add_subplot(row, col)
You can build the layout yourself by calling add_subplot explicitly. This lets you configure each panel’s title, labels, grid, and legend in one shot.
[6]:
canvas = Canvas(nrows=2, ncols=2)
ax00 = canvas.add_subplot(
row=0, col=0, title="Top-left", xlabel="x", ylabel="y", grid=True
)
ax01 = canvas.add_subplot(row=0, col=1, title="Top-right", xlabel="x", grid=True)
ax10 = canvas.add_subplot(row=1, col=0, title="Bottom-left", xlabel="x", ylabel="y")
ax11 = canvas.add_subplot(row=1, col=1, title="Bottom-right", xlabel="x", legend=True)
ax00.plot(x, np.sin(x), color="royalblue")
ax01.plot(x, np.cos(x), color="tomato")
ax10.plot(x, np.sin(2 * x), color="seagreen")
ax11.plot(x, np.sin(x), label="sin", color="royalblue")
ax11.plot(x, np.cos(x), label="cos", color="tomato")
canvas.suptitle("Manual Layout")
canvas.show()
5 Accessing subplots after creation
Three equivalent ways to retrieve a subplot object:
[7]:
canvas, axes = Canvas.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
# Method A: use the object returned by subplots()
axes[0][0].set_title("Method A")
# Method B: canvas.subplot(row, col)
sp_b = canvas.subplot(row=0, col=1)
sp_b.set_title("Method B")
# Method C: canvas[row, col] indexing
canvas[1, 0].set_title("Method C")
canvas[1, 1].set_title("Method D (index)")
canvas.show()
6 canvas.iter_subplots() — loop over all panels
[8]:
canvas, axes = Canvas.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2)
# Plot something in every panel first
for row in range(2):
for col in range(2):
axes[row][col].plot(x, np.sin((row + 1) * (col + 1) * x))
# Then enable grid on every panel uniformly
for row, col, sp in canvas.iter_subplots():
sp.set_grid(True)
sp.set_xlabel("x")
canvas.show()
7 Canvas-level plot routing
Pass row= and col= to canvas-level methods to target a specific subplot.
[9]:
canvas = Canvas(nrows=1, ncols=2)
canvas.add_subplot(row=0, col=0, title="Left", xlabel="x", ylabel="sin")
canvas.add_subplot(row=0, col=1, title="Right", xlabel="x", ylabel="cos")
canvas.add_line(x, np.sin(x), row=0, col=0, color="royalblue", label="sin")
canvas.add_line(x, np.cos(x), row=0, col=1, color="tomato", label="cos")
canvas.set_legend(True, row=0, col=0)
canvas.set_legend(True, row=0, col=1)
canvas.suptitle("Canvas-level routing")
canvas.show()
Summary
Task |
Code |
|---|---|
1×2 grid |
|
2×2 grid |
|
Always 2-D |
|
Manual panel |
|
Get subplot |
|
Loop panels |
|
Figure title |
|
Route plot |
|
Next: Tutorial 03 covers all the available plot types.